Who Am I Becoming?


Chapter 8: Lifespan Development

Learning Outcomes

  • Identify factors that influence identity formation during adolescence and emerging adulthood
  • Evaluate the role of social and cultural influences in shaping development
  • Apply psychological reasoning to real-world situations involving lifespan changes

Key Terms

adolescence
period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood
emerging adulthood
newly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to the mid-20s; young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a family
psychosocial development
process proposed by Erikson in which social tasks are mastered as humans move through eight stages of life from infancy to adulthood

The Space Between

Jayden had always been the quiet kid. In high school, he stuck to a small group of friends, played video games in his room, and avoided anything that felt like a spotlight. But when he started college, everything shifted.

His roommate was outgoing and constantly invited him to events. Professors encouraged class participation. Even his parents began asking, "What do you want to do with your life?"

A person watching a computer screen with headphones on

"I don't know who I am anymore," Jayden admitted during a late-night call with his sister. "I feel like I'm supposed to be someone else now."

Jayden was experiencing a common developmental challenge: identity exploration. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence and emerging adulthood are key periods for forming a stable sense of self. During these stages, individuals grapple with questions about values, career paths, relationships, and personal beliefs.

Jayden began researching personal growth. He learned that identity isn't fixed; it evolves through experiences, reflection, and social interaction.

"I'm not just the quiet kid anymore," he told his sister. "I'm someone who's learning to speak up."

1. On Your Own

What best describes emerging adulthood? Select the best answer.

Identity in Context

Identity development doesn't happen in isolation. Cultural expectations, family dynamics, and peer relationships all play a role.

An image of a large crowd on a street

For example, some students may feel pressure to pursue careers that align with family values, while others may explore paths that challenge traditional norms. Social media can also influence identity by shaping how individuals present themselves and compare their lives to others.

Psychologists emphasize that identity formation is a dynamic process. It involves psychosocial development, where individuals integrate personal experiences with societal roles.

2. On Your Own

Determine whether the following statement is true or false.

According to Erikson, adolescence is a critical period for developing a stable sense of identity.

Jayden's Growth

By the end of his first year, Jayden had joined a music club, spoken at a small student event, and changed his major from engineering to psychology.

A person playing a guitar outdoors

Jayden's journey reflects the challenges and possibilities of emerging adulthood. It's a time of exploration, uncertainty, and growth, a space where the question "Who am I becoming?" is not just asked but also lived. "I'm still figuring things out," he said. "But I'm not afraid of the question anymore."

3. On Your Own

What are common experiences during emerging adulthood? Select the three that apply.

Explore the Concept

When does someone become an adult? Check out this video, which reviews the many ways that adulthood could be defined.

Reflect & Respond

Answer the following questions to reflect on key ideas from the case study. Remember to print your work before leaving this page!

  1. How does Erikson's theory explain the challenges of identity formation during adolescence?
  2. What factors influence identity development in emerging adulthood?
  3. How can social environments support or hinder psychosocial growth?
  4. Reflect on your own identity journey. What experiences have shaped who you are becoming?
  5. In what ways can stepping outside your comfort zone help you discover new aspects of your identity?

References

Becht, A. I., Nelemans, S. A., Branje, S. J. T., Vollebergh, W. A. M., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2021). Daily identity dynamics in adolescence shaping identity in emerging adulthood: An 11-year longitudinal study on continuity in development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50, 1616–1633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01370-3
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).

TED-Ed. (2023, January 19). When are you actually an adult? - Shannon Odell [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/AESkozhaT4s?si=XVkYnM52nKoyiNwA

Photo Credits

Soklin on Adobe Stock. "An introverted employee participating in a virtual meeting with headphones on."

Alexander Ozerov on Adobe Stock. "Blurred crowd of unrecognizable at the street."

GulArt on Adobe Stock. "Closeup young man playing guitar among friends attend a live music event concert in a park."