The Cost of Caring


Chapter 14: Stress, Lifestyle, and Health

Learning Outcomes

  • Describe the psychological and physiological effects of occupational stress
  • Identify risk factors for burnout and emotional exhaustion in health care professionals
  • Evaluate coping strategies and workplace interventions that support mental health

Key Terms

coping
mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including its cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces
job burnout
general sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one's job; consists of three dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of diminished personal accomplishment
job strain
work situation involving the combination of excessive job demands and workload with little decision-making latitude or job control

The Weight of the White Coat

Jayson, a 24-year-old nursing student in his final year, had dreamed of working in a hospital since he was a child. He loved helping people, and he thrived in fast-paced environments. But during his clinical rotations, Jayson began to feel overwhelmed.

He worked long shifts, often skipped meals, and found himself emotionally drained after caring for patients in critical condition. "I cry in my car after shifts," he admitted to his supervisor. "I feel guilty for being tired, but I'm exhausted."

A person sitting in a hallway with their hand to their head

His supervisor, a seasoned nurse named Carla, recognized the signs of job burnout and compassion fatigue. She encouraged Jayson to speak with the hospital's wellness coordinator.

The coordinator explained that job strain is common in health care, especially among early-career professionals. Jayson learned that chronic exposure to suffering, high workloads, and emotional demands can lead to physical symptoms like fatigue and headaches, as well as psychological effects like anxiety and detachment.

Jayson began attending peer support meetings and practicing mindfulness between shifts. He also started journaling and set boundaries around his schedule. "I thought stress was just part of the job," he said. "But I'm learning that caring for myself is part of caring for others."

1. On Your Own

What is an example of a workplace stressor for health care professionals? Select the best answer.

The Hidden Toll

A group of hospital workers wheeling a patient into a room on a medical bed

Emotional exhaustion and burnout are especially prevalent in high-pressure environments, like hospitals and emergency care.

Key issues include the following:

  • Younger professionals are more vulnerable to stress due to limited experience and coping skills.
  • Lack of institutional support increases the risk of burnout.
  • Regular exposure to trauma and suffering contributes to compassion fatigue.
  • Workplace interventions such as peer support, flexible scheduling, and mental health resources improve resilience.

Addressing occupational stress is not just a personal responsibility; it requires systemic change and a supportive culture.

2. On Your Own

Determine whether the following statement is true or false.

Compassion fatigue refers to emotional strain caused by repeated exposure to others' suffering.

Jayson's Pivot

Jayson began to reframe his experience. He still felt deeply for his patients, but he no longer carried their pain alone. He leaned on his peers, practiced self-care, and advocated for wellness resources in his program. He told Carla, "I used to think strength meant pushing through. Now, I know it also means knowing when to pause."

A medical professional giving a speech in a conference room

Jayson graduated with honors and accepted a residency at a trauma center. He continued to prioritize his mental health and mentor new students on how to manage stress in health care settings.

3. On Your Own

What are common effects of occupational stress in health care? Select the three that apply.

Correct! Emotion exhaustion, physical fatigue, and detachment from patients are all common effects of occupational stress in health care.

Explore the Concept

The COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, but its effects on health care workers are long-lasting. Explore this short video to learn how health care professionals were managing stress during the pandemic's height.

Reflect & Respond

Answer the following questions to reflect on key ideas from the case study. Remember to print your work before leaving this page!

  1. What are the signs of burnout and compassion fatigue in health care settings?
  2. How can institutions support the mental health of health care professionals?
  3. Why is resilience important in high-stress professions?
  4. What are some other professions where job strain and job burnout are prevalent? Why do you think so?
  5. Reflect on Jayson's experience. What strategies helped him manage stress, and how might they apply to other careers?

References

CBC News: The National. (2020, April 24). How health care workers are managing stress and anxiety [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ttX6tP6TeiA?si=c2wkw2S-FAV32xYz

Willems, R., Drossaert, C., & Vuijk, P. (2020). Impact of crisis line volunteering on mental wellbeing and the associated factors: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), Article 1641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051641
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).

Photo Credits

nimito on Adobe Stock. "Stressed tired young afro surgeon sitting on floor in hospital corridor after difficult surgery."

Anela/peopleimages.com on Adobe Stock. "Women, man and hospital bed in motion blur of emergency surgery, healthcare wellness or risk condition operation. Doctors, nurses and medical workers with patient in busy er, theatre room or teamwork."

Maryna on Adobe Stock. "African American doctor giving presentation seminar in convention center boardroom. Black man wearing white coat, blue shirt discusses healthcare, medicine. Audience background. Medical conference."